Metacognition+and+cognition+in+general

O'Malley et al. (1985) define the Metacognitive strategies as 'involve thinking about the learning process, planning for learning, monitoring of comprehension or production while it is taking place, and self-evaluation of learning after the language activity is completed. Cognitive strategies are more directly related to individual learning tasks and entail direct manipulation or transformation of the learning materials O'Malley etal.(1985) list a definition of metacognitive and cognitive strategies as follows: Metacongnitive Strategies:
 * Advance Organizers || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Ammar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png width="377" height="67"]] ||
 * Directed Attention || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Ammar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png width="377" height="68"]] ||
 * Selective Attention || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Ammar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png width="377" height="95"]] ||
 * Self-management || [[image:file:///C:/Users/Ammar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png width="377" height="66"]] ||
 * Functional Planning || Planning for and rehearsing linguistic components necessary to carry out an upcoming language task ||

in order to learn initially through listening comprehension || learning against an internal measure of completeness and accuracy ||
 * Self-Monitoring || Correcting one’s speech for accuracy inpronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, or for appropriateness related to the setting or to the people who are present ||
 * Delayed Production || Consciously deciding to postpone speaking
 * Self-Evaluation || Checking the outcomes of one’s own language

COGNITIVE STRATEGIES Resourcing Translation Grouping Note Taking Deduction* Recombination” Imagery Auditory Representation Keyword* J. MICHAEL O’MALLEY;ANNA UHL CHAMOT; GLORIA STEWNER-MANZANARES; ROCCO P. RUSSO; LISA KÜPPER(1985). Learing Strategy Applications with Students of English as a Second Language. TESOL Quarterly. 19:3 pp
 * Repetition ||  ||